1830 – Harvard v Amory, The Massachusetts Rule of the Prudent Person familiar with such matters – private trusts for life income with a charitable remainder = Civil Society Endowments
1870-1900 The Gilded Age, a boom fueled by capital markets capture of insurance company money that went bust in the Panics of 1893 and 1907, requiring Teddy Roosevelt to ride in to bust up the trusts while state legislatures made it illegal for insurance companies to speculate with policyholders’ premiums
1890 through 1950s – innovation of the social trust as a mutual aid society built and operated according to the laws of actuarial science to average the actual cost making contractually calculated payments to contractually qualified recipients at contractually specified intervals for income security in a dignified retirement for evergreen populations of current and future retired works, subsidized by tax-exempt investment earnings = Workforce Pensions
1914-1918 – the Great War
The Roaring Twenties – another capital asset pricing boom, this time fueled by capital markets capture of bank deposits,
The Crash of ’29, and the Great Depression: the boom goes bust, with catastrophic consequences
1933 – FDR: The Four Freedoms and the New Deal: A New Hope
1936 – John Maynard Keynes – General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
1939 – 1945 World War II
1947 – The Mt. Pelerin Society and the Manifesto of Neoliberalism: The Markets Strike Back
1952 – Harry Markowitz – Portfolio Selection = Modern Portfolio Theory of mean-variance mathematics for constructing portfolios that mimic the markets overall
1969 – Cary and Bright: Report to Ford Foundation on The Law and the Lore of Endowments
1970 – The Friedman Doctrine: “The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits.”
1972 – Uniform Management of Institutional Funds Act = Modern Portfolio Theory is fiduciary
1973 – Cambridge Associates becomes the world’s first Asset Manager, receiving a mandate from Harvard Management to run a portfolio for the Harvard Endowments
1974 – Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) – federal regulation of business workforce pensions
1978 – 401(k) company sponsored, tax-deferred retirement savings accounts
How we got to where we are
“
what kind of world
do we want
and how
can we make it happen?
Simon Mair, MEND Network
THIS is the world we want

THIS is how we can make it happen
allocating Fiduciary Money through Equity Paybacks from current cash flows through Enterprise, prioritized by contract for:
- Suitability of the Technology to the circumstances prevailing at the time;
- Duration of the social contract between Enterprise and popular choice over time; and
- Dignity in how the business does business all the time, across all six vectors of cash flow through Enterprise, including:
- Fair Trade, with suppliers;
- Fair Engagement with communities, of place and of interest;
- Fair Reckoning with the consequences, on Nature, Society and the Future;
- Fair Working, in the workplace;
- Fair Dealing, in the marketplace;
- Fair Sharing, with savers whose savings are the “raw material” form which financiers fashion capital for business.










